databases/postgresql??-*: Upgrade to latest versions

The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all
supported versions of PostgreSQL, including 17.4, 16.8, 15.12, 14.17,
and 13.20.

The issues listed below affect PostgreSQL 17. Some of these issues may
also affect other supported versions of PostgreSQL.

Improve behavior of quoting functions in libpq. The fix for
CVE-2025-1094 caused the quoting functions to not honor their string
length parameters and, in some cases, cause crashes. This problem could
be noticeable from a PostgreSQL client library, based on how it is
integrated with libpq.

Fix small memory leak in pg_createsubscriber.

Also fix a problem in the FreeBSD port, where the rc script wouldn't
return properly, messing up orchestration tools like ansible. [1]

PR: 272502 [1]
Release notes: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/release/

(cherry picked from commit e30c0647036e097b38ed2e56536333f95957f189)