databases/postgresql??-*: Update to latest versions

The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has released an update to all
supported versions of PostgreSQL, including 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16,
and 13.19. This release fixes 1 security vulnerability and over 70 bugs
reported over the last several months.

For the full list of changes, please review the release notes.

This commit also removes the broken support for Heimdal and fixes the
build when using MIT Kerberos. [1]

PR: 220325 suggested by Cullum Smith and many others. [1]
Release notes: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/release/
Security: fadf3b41-ea19-11ef-a540-6cc21735f730

(cherry picked from commit 1d902ba9366536c6034cc8c26a89b289046201ec)