Reduce confusion in zfs_write

Is this block when abuf != NULL ever reached? Yes, it is.

Add asserts and comments to prove that when we get here, we have a full
block write at an aligned offset extending past EOF.

Simplify by removing the check that tx_bytes == max_blksz, since we can
assert that it is always true.

Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@iXsystems.com>
Closes #11191