sqlite3: Vendor import of sqlite3 3.43.1

Release notes at https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_43_1.html.

Obtained from: https://www.sqlite.org/2023/sqlite-autoconf-3430100.tar.gz

Merge commit 'fa2bb1440e13602676feec708ac7a9a3bb5ce5c8' into main

(cherry picked from commit ec994981447e8a974426660b5071bc405280af73)