x11-fm/dolphin: add upstream fix to make dolphin's terminal work without kinit

Dolphin still uses KToolInvocation::invokeTerminal() which is
deprecated and requires KInit. However Dolphin was ported away from
requiring it in other ways, so it is now possible to have Dolphin
running but not KInit, which breaks the "Open in Terminal"
functionality.

Using KTerminalLauncherJob fixes this. It was introduced in Frameworks
5.83, so the CMake dependency version is accordingly increased.

Upstream PR: 441072
Obtained from: https://invent.kde.org/system/dolphin/-/commit/27bfcde4efaf936243fc41e4a61d0cac32105ef6
Obtained from via: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/archlinux/svntogit-packages/packages/dolphin/trunk/27bfcde4.patch